WebBotulinum toxin, one of the most poisonous biological substances known, is a neurotoxin produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum. C. botulinum elaborates eight antigenically distinguishable exotoxins (A, B, C1, C2, D, E, … WebToxins were detected in 13 out of 20 phytoplankton samples, and N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins (C1/2) were predominant components of PSTs in phytoplankton samples with relatively …
Clostridium botulinum - Wikipedia
WebJun 17, 2024 · In comparison, C1+2 was the dominant analogue on the 17th day, constituting approximately 62% of the toxin profile observed. The GTX1+4 obviously decreased to 23%. NEO (2–7%) was a minor contributor to the toxin profile of the contaminated feed mussels. WebThe toxin profile was characterized by carbamate toxins (GTX3, GTX4 and GTX5) and N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins (C1, C2, C3 and C4). C2 dominated at 12–18 °C, but only for salinities ranging from 10 to 25 psu, whereas GTX5 became dominant at temperatures ranging from 21 to 30 °C at almost all salinities. There was no significant variation in the ... maristella rivolta d\\u0027adda
Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 - an overview - ScienceDirect
WebC. botulinum toxin C1 1.1 C. botulinum toxin C2 1.2 C. botulinum toxin D 0.4 C. botulinum toxin E 1.1 C. botulinum toxin F 2.5 Clostridium perfringens MLD 100 Conotoxins – GI, GIIIA, GIIIB, GIVA, MI, MVILA, SIA, SVIB 12,000 – 30,000 Diacetoxyscirpenol 7,839,000 Exfoliative toxins A, B No data available WebA. Toxins of Biological Origin. Biological toxins are produced by certain bacteria, fungi, protozoa, plants, reptiles, amphibians, fish, echinoderma (spiny urchins and starfish), … WebMar 1, 2024 · It was found that these strains produced mainly N-sulfocarbamoyl toxins C1&2, with a small proportion of saxitoxin (STX) and decarbamoyl toxins dcGTX2&3, and trace amounts of other toxin analogs. The production of GC1 and GC3 toxins were confirmed, although the cellular toxin content of GC toxins remained unclear ( Liu et al., … daniel egli hamburg